# Electrical

## Overview

### Electrical Subsystems

This Theory of Operation includes a section on each 12 volt system fitted to the Model S:

1. Audio system

2. Instruments

3. Wipers and washers

4. Lighting

5. Central door locking

6. Seats

7. Controller Area Network (CAN)

## Audio System

### Audio System Component Location

1. ‘A’ post tweeter

2. Instrument panel speakers (premium)

3. Liftgate speakers (premium)

4. Subwoofer (premium)

5. Rear door speakers

6. Tuner (premium adds XM antenna jack)

7. Touchscreen/media control unit

8. Instrument panel speaker

9. Front door speakers (premium)

### Audio System Component Descriptions

Two different audio systems can be fitted to the Model S: the base system and the premium system. The base system has 200 watts of output through 7 speakers. The system includes AM/FM/HD Radio, dual USB ports, and storage for up to 500 songs. The premium system has 580 watts of output through 12 speakers. The system includes a Dolby ProLogic 7.1 system, storage space for over 3,000 songs, and XM Satellite Radio preparation.

Both systems are operated through the touchscreen, with a media control unit as their heart. Premium systems are equipped with an external amplifier to drive 7 of the speakers.

#### Audio Tuner

1. Audio tuner

The audio tuner is located behind the dashboard in front of the driver. It is secured with 4 screws and access is gained by removing the lower dash trim and the side dash footwell closing trim. The base tuner is a 12 Volt AM/FM unit only, and the premium tuner is an AM/FM, HD and XM unit. The ambient operational temperature range of the tuner is -40 degrees C to +85 degrees C.

To display the radio functions, touch the Media and Audio icons in the row of Applications on the main touchscreen. Refer to the Model S Owner’s Manual for details about the Application functions.

1. Power antenna box

2. Power antenna box

3. Sub. ANT

4. Main ANT

5. Audio FR/FL

6. CAN

7. Media Control Unit with 17" touchscreen

8. Tuner module

9. Twisted pair with shield connected at tuner module

10. Twisted pair with shield connected at tuner module

11. Coax cable

1. Power antenna box

2. Power antenna box

3. Power antenna box

4. Sub. ANT

5. Main ANT

6. XM connector

7. Audio FR/FL

8. CAN

9. Media Control Unit with 17" touchscreen

10. Tuner module

11. Twisted pair with shield connected at tuner module

12. Twisted pair with shield connected at tuner module

13. Coax cable

1. ACC (+B)

2. NC(OPEN)

3. NC(OPEN)

4. NC(OPEN)

5. GND

6. L -

7. L +

8. GND

9. NC(OPEN)

10. CAN_+

11. CAN_–

12. NC(OPEN)

13. GND

14. R -

15. R +

16. GND

#### Touchscreen/Media Control Unit

1. External temperature

2. Battery charge level

3. Vehicle alert notification

4. Bluetooth® connection indicator

5. Vehicle 3G GSM signal strength indicator

6. Clock

7. Applications

8. Maximize/minimize application

9. Change application position

10. CONTROLS

11. Seat heaters

12. Heating and ventilation controls

13. Volume control

The touchscreen and media control unit are integral components located in the instrument panel. The 17-inch capacitive touchscreen is the focal point of the Model S infotainment and control systems. All media, communication, cabin, and vehicle controls are operated through this high-resolution input screen. Wi-Fi enabled mobile connectivity is also available. Refer to the Model S Owner’s Manual for details about how to use the touchscreen and its menu options.

#### Radio

1. Favorites

2. Recently played

3. Radio source

4. Browse

5. HD radio ON/OFF

6. Add/delete favorite

7. Signal strength indicator

8. Station information

9. Station frequency/channel selector

10. Previous station/channel

11. Next station/channel

12. Presets

#### USB Media Hub

1. USB ports

The USB ports in the center console are directly connected to the back of the touchscreen. A portable music player or a USB flash drive can be plugged in and browsed through the media application on the touchscreen. The ports also provide a charging point for mobile phones.

#### External Amplifier

1. External amplifier

The external amplifier is only included with premium systems. It is located behind the dashboard in front of the driver, adjacent to the tuner and is secured with 4 screws.

The amplifier drives 7 speakers: 2 front door speakers, 2 outer dash speakers, 2 liftgate speakers, and a subwoofer.

#### Dashboard Speakers

1. Dashboard speakers

The dashboard speakers are mid-range woofers located beneath the front defrost grille. Premium systems have 3 speakers: 1 in the center and 1 on each side. Base systems only have the center speaker. Each speaker is secured by 2 screws. The speakers are 80 mm in diameter, with an output of 40 watts and an impedance of 2 ohms.

#### ‘A’ Post Tweeters

1. Tweeter

There are 2 tweeters, 1 in each ‘A’ post, on both base and premium systems. Their precise positioning is controlled by guide pins. They are secured to the ‘A’ post trim by clips. The tweeters are 30 mm in diameter, with an output of 20 watts and an impedance of 4 ohms.

#### Door Speakers

1. Door speaker

There is a single mid-range woofer in each door on both base and premium systems. On base systems, all 4 speakers are 160 mm in diameter with an output of 40 watts and an impedance of 2 ohms. On premium systems, the front speakers are 200 mm in diameter with an output of 80 watts and an impedance of 1 ohm. Each speaker is secured by 4 screws.

#### Liftgate Speakers: Premium Systems Only

1. Liftgate speakers

Two mid-range woofers are located centrally in the liftgate, secured by 2 screws each. The speakers are 80 mm in diameter with an output of 40 watts and an impedance of 2 ohms.

#### Subwoofer Speaker

1. Subwoofer speaker

The subwoofer speaker is only fitted on premium systems. It is an integral part of the subwoofer enclosure and is located in the trunk behind the RH trunk trim panel. The subwoofer enclosure is secured by 3 screws.

### Audio System Operation

Refer to the Model S Owner’s Manual for details about AM/FM/HD radio play, XM satellite radio play, and media play.

## Instrument Cluster

### Instrument Cluster Component Location

Accessory Mode (Car Off)

1. Left information display - configurable

2. Vehicle status overview

3. Right information display - configurable

4. Door lock status

5. Odometer

6. Outside temperature

7. Accessory mode indicator

8. Battery charge indicator

9. Date

10. Time

Drive Mode

1. Indicator lights

2. Cruise control set speed indicator

3. Traction control off

4. Cruise control on

5. Speedometer

6. Current speed

7. System warning messages

8. Gear selected

9. Battery charge indicator

10. Power meter

Charging Mode

1. Charging rate per hour

2. Vehicle range based on charge level

3. Charging current/Maximum current available from connected supply

4. Range increase this charging session

5. Time remaining until charged

6. Charge level

7. Voltage of connected supply

## Wipers and washers

### Wipers and Washers Component Location

1. Windshield wiper blade

2. Windshield wiper arm

3. Windshield wiper motor and linkage

4. Body control module

5. Windshield washer jets

6. Windshield washer pump

7. Windshield washer tube

8. Windshield washer reservoir cap

9. Windshield washer reservoir

10. Windshield washer fluid level sensor

11. Windshield wiper and washer switch

### Wiper and Washer Component Descriptions

The windshield wipers and washers are controlled by the body control module (BCM), via the lever mounted on the steering column.

When a wiper speed is selected at the switch, the steering column control module sends a CAN message to the BCM. That uses 2 relays to provide power to the appropriate terminal of the wiper motor, either slow or fast.

The motor drives the wiper linkage which, in turn, operates the wipers.

When the washer switch is pressed and held, this sends a CAN request to the BCM to drive the washer pump. Washer fluid is pumped from the reservoir along the washer tubes to the 2 jets mounted on the hood, which spray fluid onto the windshield.

#### Wiper and Washer Switch

The wiper switch has 5 positions. Rotate to select the position required.

1. Off

2. Intermittent wipe - low sensitivity to rain

3. Intermittent wipe - high sensitivity to rain

4. Slow wiper speed

5. Fast wiper speed

The washer switch is on the end of the lever and operates when pressed.

#### Wiper Motor and Linkage

1. Wiper linkage

2. Wiper motor

The wiper motor is mounted on a bracket that incorporates the linkage and the wiper arm spindles, and is secured with 3 screws. The motor and linkage assembly is located below the cowl screen panel in front of the windshield. The assembly is secured to the firewall by 2 bolts. A single electrical connector supplies the power to drive the motor.

The two-speed 12V motor operates between 9 volts and 16 volts and between -40 degrees C (-40 degrees F) and 80 degrees C (176 degrees F). The motor speeds are 42 +/- 5 rev/min for slow speed and 63 +/- 8 rev/min for high speed.

Parking the wiper blades is achieved by the slow speed signal being applied to the park terminal of the wiper motor. The parking disc, internal to the motor, breaks the circuit when the wipers are at the appropriate position.

#### Wiper Arms and Blades

The wiper arms are located by splines on the wiper arm spindles. Each is secured by a nut.

Each wiper blade is secured to its arm using a spring-mounted locking tab. Press the tab and slide the blade down the arm to remove it.

#### Washer Reservoir

1. Washer reservoir

The washer reservoir is located behind the liner in the left-hand front wheel arch. It is secured to the body panel by 3 nuts. The reservoir is manufactured from high density polythene and holds 5 liters of fluid.

#### Washer Pump

1. Washer pump

The washer pump is made from thermoplastic and is mounted in the side of the washer reservoir. Remove the left-hand upper wheel arch liner to gain access to the pump.

The pump is a push fit into the reservoir and is retained by a rubber seal.

The pump has a delivery pressure of 23.2 psi (1.59 bar) and a maximum current use of 4.5 amps.

#### Low Washer Fluid Level Sensor

1. Low washer fluid level sensor

The low fluid level sensor is mounted in the side of the washer reservoir and is accessed by removing the left-hand upper wheel arch liner.

The sensor is a push fit into the reservoir and is retained by a rubber seal. The sensor contains an internally mounted float.

The sensor receives a signal from the BCM. When it is immersed in fluid, the float is raised and the circuit is open. The BCM recognizes this as a normal state and takes no action.

If the fluid level drops below the level of the sensor, the float drops, the circuit is completed, and the signal goes to ground. The BCM recognizes the low washer fluid condition and transmits a CAN message to display an alert to the driver.

#### Washer Jets

The 2 washer jets are on the bottom surface of the hood. Each jet is secured by a clip.

#### Rain/Light/Solar/Humidity Sensor

1. Rain/light/solar/humidity sensor

The rain/light/solar/humidity sensor is located on the inside of the windshield at the base of the interior rearview mirror. It is a direct input to the BCM via a discrete LIN bus.

The sensor projects infrared light at the windshield at an angle and then reads the amount of light that is reflected back. A clean windshield reflects nearly all of the light back, while a wet windshield causes the light to scatter.

When one of the intermittent wipe positions is selected, the BCM receives the signal from the rain sensor and determines whether the wipers should be operated, and at what speed, to give the driver clear visibility.

#### Body Control Module

1. Body control module

2. Cover plate

The BCM controls the windshield wipers and washers based on CAN messages it receives from the SCCM and the RLSH sensor. Wiper stalk position and rain sensing data determine wiper delay interval and speed. The BCM controls wiper operation through two relays in the left underhood fuse box. For washer pump operation, the BCM applies power directly to the pump motor.

The BCM is located in the front passenger footwell, behind a cover plate. The cover is secured by 4 screws. There are 8 harness connectors and a single coaxial antenna connector.

### Wiper and Washer Operation

#### Windshield Wiper Service Position

The windshield wiper service position parks the wipers on the windshield. This makes it easier to change wiper blades, or free the wipers from frost/ice.

Activate the windshield wiper service position from the touchscreen. To deactivate the windshield wiper service position, use the touchscreen or operate the wiper control.

CAUTION: Wipers may freeze to the windshield during icy conditions. Do not operate the wipers if they are frozen to the windshield, as this may damage the wiper mechanism.

#### Windshield Washer

Press and release the end of the lever to wipe the windshield once.

Press and hold the end of the lever to wash the windshield: the wipers also operate. Wash and wipe continue while the end of the lever is pressed. When the lever is released, the wash stops and the wipers continue for a further four cycles.

#### Windshield Wiper

Rotate the switch on the left side of the steering column to operate the wipers.

When the switch is operated, a CAN message is sent from the steering column control module to the BCM. The BCM operates one of the two relays mounted in the front fuse and relay box to provide power to the appropriate terminal on the wiper motor. Inside the motor, this power is applied to the low speed or high speed windings of the armature, depending on the switch position selected.

Windshield wiper frequency and speed is increased when the vehicle is moving, when either of the intermittent positions is selected.

Intermittent operation is controlled by the BCM. It uses input from the RLSH sensor to determine how much water is on the windshield. The amount of water that is allowed to collect on the windshield before a wipe is commanded depends on which intermittent position is selected. The first position is low sensitivity and allows more water to accumulate. The second position is high sensitivity and allows very little water to accumulate.

Rotary motion of the wiper motor is converted to linear motion by the wiper linkage. This is converted back to rotary motion at the wiper arm spindles. The spindle mounted wiper arms and blades are driven backwards and forwards across the windshield.

When the washer switch is pressed and held, it sends a signal to the BCM to operate the washer pump. Washer fluid is pumped from the reservoir to the two jets mounted on the hood.

#### Windshield Wiper Parking

The illustration above shows the circuitry inside the motor, through which each functions is achieved.

A separate power supply is used for parking the windshield wipers, originating from fuse 13 in the fusebox under the hood. This supply is independent of the BCM.

Parking the wiper blades is achieved by the BCM switching the two relays so that the slow speed signal is applied to the park terminal of the wiper motor. This brings the parking disc inside the motor into the circuit. Power is supplied to the low speed windings of the armature, ensuring the wipers are at slow speed. When the parking disc reaches a certain point, the circuit is broken. After a further 5 degrees of parking disc rotation, a ground signal is supplied to the low speed windings of the armature and the wipers stop in the park position.

## Lighting

### Lighting Component Location

1. Side repeater

2. Rear quarter tail light

3. Liftgate mounted tail light

4. High mounted brake light

5. License plate light

6. License plate light

7. Liftgate mounted tail light

8. Rear quarter tail light

9. Reflex reflector

10. Reflex reflector

11. Steering column controls

12. Side repeater

13. Headlight assembly

14. Front fog/cornering light assembly

15. Front fog/cornering light assembly

16. Headlight assembly

The following exterior lights are fitted to the Model S:

- Low and high beam headlights (halogen standard — High Intensity Discharge (HID) optional)

- Cornering lights

- Parking lights

- Side lights (USA only)

- Daytime running lights (DRL)

- Front fog lights

- Side marker lights (except EU models)

- Turn signal lights

- Brake lights

- High mounted brake light

- Reverse light(s)

- Rear fog light - European specification

- License plate lights

- Rear reflex reflectors

Operation of all exterior lights is controlled by the BCM, which responds to requests from:

- Light switch function of the touchscreen

- Ambient light information from the rain/light/solar/humidity sensor

- Turn signal stalk

- Hazard switch

- Drive Inverter (deals with reverse light and brake light requests)

### Lighting Component Descriptions

#### Headlight Assembly

1. Blade light - Daytime Running Light (DRL) mode or as a side light

2. Low and high beam headlight

3. Turn signal

The following headlight configurations are available:

- D3S, 35W High Intensity Discharge unit - USA and Canadian specification

- D8S, 25W High Intensity Discharge unit - European specification

- HB3 Halogen bulb

NOTE: Headlight leveling motors are fitted to cars with coil spring suspension.

The assembly is secured to the carrier and fender by 4 bolts. In addition to the headlight bulb or High Intensity Discharge (HID) unit, the headlight also includes LEDs for the Daytime Running Lights (DRL), parking lights, and turn signals.

The blade light in the headlight assembly can function as either a DRL or as a side light.

NOTE: The halogen bulb, the HID bulb, and the HID burner can be replaced.

For cars with air suspension, the headlight beams are adjustable for height and left/right aim. Cars with coil suspension are equipped with auto-leveling headlights, so only the left/right aim is adjustable.

The headlight assembly is non-serviceable and must be replaced as an assembly.

#### Front Fog Light

1. Side marker

2. Side light (USA only)

3. Fog light

4. Cornering light

There are 2 specification levels of front fog light. The high specification unit has a cornering light included in addition to the front fog light and side marker light. There is no cornering light on the low specification unit.

On European specification vehicles, there is no side marker light in either the high or low specification units.

The front fog light assembly is secured to the front fascia unit with 3 screws. The height of the fog light beam can be adjusted using the screw behind the front fascia.

The front fog light assembly is non serviceable and must be replaced as an assembly.

The cornering lamps are angled outwards from the center line of the vehicle and augment the headlights during cornering.

#### Tail Light Assembly, Rear Quarter Mounted

1. Tail light

2. Tail light and brake light

3. Tail light and turn signal

4. Brake light and turn signal

The tail light assembly is secured to the rear quarter panel with 3 nuts and to the charge port with 4 screws. This assembly contains LEDs for part of the tail light (the remainder are part of the tail light assembly on the liftgate). The brake lights and turn signals use the same LEDs as the tail lights, but the brightness is increased. The side marker uses 3 LEDs on the side of the light assembly.

The change in brightness is controlled by an LED Driver Module (LDM) mounted inside each light. This module changes the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal to the LEDs to increase the brightness.

The assembly is non-serviceable and must be replaced as an assembly.

#### Tail Light Assembly, Liftgate Mounted

1. Reverse light

2. Tail light

3. Fog light (Europe only, LHD/RHD specific)

The liftgate tail light assembly is secured to the liftgate with four nuts. This assembly contains LEDs for part of the tail light and turn signal (the remainder are part of the tail light assembly on the rear quarter) and the reverse lights. In some markets, LEDs for the reverse light are in the passenger side light unit, with the rear fog light in the driver’s side assembly.

This assembly is non-serviceable and must be replaced as an assembly.

#### Side Repeater Light Assembly

The side repeater lights are fitted to each front fender. They are secured in place by plastic clips. The side repeater lights are outputs of the door control modules, not the BCM.

Each side repeater light contains a W10W bulb that can be replaced.

#### High Mounted Brake Light

1. High mounted brake light

The high mounted brake light contains LEDs and is glued to the liftgate glass. The glass must be removed in order to remove the light.

#### License Plate Light

The two license plate lights are mounted on the lower edge of the liftgate, held in place by the appliqué.

Each light contains a replaceable W5W bulb.

#### Reflex Reflector

1. Reflex reflector

Reflex reflectors are mounted in the lower portion of the rear bumper. They reflect light to make approaching drivers aware of the vehicle’s presence without the use of vehicle power.

#### Body Control Module

1. Body control module

2. Cover plate

The BCM is located in the front passenger footwell, behind a cover plate. The cover is secured by 4 screws. There are 8 harness connectors and a single coaxial antenna connector.

The BCM controls exterior and interior lighting. It receives signals from several sources:

- CAN messages from the steering column control module and the touchscreen control headlight and turn signal operation.

- CAN messages from the drive inverter control brake light operation in response to regenerative braking, and reverse light operation when the reverse gear is selected.

- CAN messages from the EPB activate the brake lights in response to dynamic parking brake application.

- A direct input from the brake pedal switch turn on the brake lights when the pedal is pressed.

- CAN messages from the ESC module activate the brake lights during a stability control intervention.

The hazard switch is also a direct input to the BCM.

Each of the headlight assemblies and the outer brake/tail light assemblies has a discrete output circuit to the BCM to indicate a light outage. The other lights are monitored for current draw in order to detect failures.

#### Rain/Light/Solar/Humidity Sensor

1. Rain/light/solar/humidity sensor

The rain/light/solar/humidity sensor is located on the inside of the windshield at the base of the interior rearview mirror.

The RLSH sensor is an input to the BCM. The BCM monitors the ambient light level as measured by the sensor. When the light level drops below a certain threshold, the BCM turns on the headlights.

### Lighting Operation

The lights are operated by using the touchscreen. Touch the CONTROLS button (arrowed) to access the vehicle controls screen.

#### Headlights

The following selections can be made for the headlights:

- Off

- Parking

- On

- Auto

The lights revert to Auto every time the vehicle exits drive mode.

Additional icons are available to select the Daytime Running Light (DRL) mode and fog lights.

NOTE: The Dome and Ambient icons are for interior light operation.

#### Off

All lights are off and remain off regardless of ambient light.

#### Parking

The side marker lights, parking lights, tail lights, and license plate lights turn on.

#### On

The low beam headlights, tail lights, and license plate lights turn on. If the vehicle is not in Drive mode, the lights remain on until you switch them off. An audible alert sounds if the driver's door is opened while the headlights are turned on and the car is not in drive mode.

#### Auto

The low beam headlights, tail lights, and license plate lights turn on automatically when the ambient light falls below a predetermined level. The lights turn off when the ambient light rises above that level. If the light sensor fails, the headlights default to on.

#### DRL

Touch the DRL icon to switch on the daytime running lights. The lights automatically turn on whenever the vehicle is in drive mode and the headlights are not on.

NOTE: Operation of daytime running lights varies according to market. For example, in the USA model, if the DRL mode is not selected, the blade light in the headlight assembly functions as a side light together with the side light in the front fog light assembly.

#### Fog

Touch the FOG icon to turn on the front fog lights. A green indicator light displays on the instrument panel. Turn off the lights by touching the FOG button again.

NOTE: The fog lights only operate if the headlights are on. If Auto mode is selected, the fog lights turn on and off with the headlights. The fog lights are temporarily turned off if the headlight high beams are turned on.

On European specification cars, there is an additional rear fog button on the touchscreen.

#### Wiper Activation

When the windshield wipers are turned on, the headlights turn on as well, regardless of ambient light sensor input. If the wipers are in rain sense mode and stop due to absence of rain, the headlights turn off after one minute, if they are not requested to be on for another reason.

#### Steering Column Controls

The headlight low/high beams and turn signals are all operated by using the left steering column control lever.

Move the lever down to operate the left turn signals, or up to operate the right turn signals. The turn signals continue to operate until canceled by the steering wheel, or until the lever is returned to the central position.

By momentarily holding the lever up or down against the spring pressure and then releasing it, the turn signals flash three times to indicate a lane change.

If the turn signals are operated while the Daytime Running Light (DRL) mode is on, the intensity of the DRL reduces to emphasize the turn signal. If the DRL is not turned on (USA and Canada models), the blade light and front reflex lights turn on as substitutes. If the DRL fails to operate on a European car, the blade light turns on as a substitute.

To operate the headlight high beam, push the lever forward. The lever locks in the forward position until the lever is pulled back again.

To flash the headlight high beams, pull the lever backward. Release the lever and the high beams turn off.

If the headlights are operating, the cornering lamps are automatically turned on when the vehicle is moving and the steering wheel is turned more than 70 degrees in either direction. The cornering lamps turn off when the turning angle of the steering wheel is less than 70 degrees.

#### Hazard Warning Flashers

To operate the hazard warning flashers, press the button located to the left of the touchscreen. Press the button again to turn off the hazard warning flashers.

If the vehicle is involved in a collision that causes the airbags to deploy, the hazard warning lights automatically turn on.

#### Light Outage Detection and Warning

The BCM monitors the discrete outage circuits from the headlight and brake/tail lights. If a turn indicator is out, the BCM increases the flasher speed on that side, mimicking the behavior of a conventional incandescent bulb with an electromechanical flasher setup. If any other light is detected to be inoperative, a warning message is displayed to the driver indicating which light needs service. Other lights that do not have a discrete outage circuit, such as the CHMSL, have their current draw monitored by the BCM. If a drop in current is detected, a light-out warning is displayed to the driver to indicate which light needs service.

#### Brake Lights

The brake lights are controlled by the BCM in response to direct input from the brake pedal switch and requests from other control modules. The brake lights are turned on when:

- Pressing the brake pedal

- Using regenerative braking

- Applying the parking brake in dynamic mode

## Central Door Locking

### Central Door Locking Component Location

1. Front door inner handle

2. Front door outer handle

3. Front door latch

4. Front door striker

5. Door control module

6. Front door interior release cable

7. Rear door striker

8. Rear door latch

9. Rear door latch interior release cable

10. Rear door inner handle

11. Rear door outer handle

12. Cinching actuator

13. Liftgate release cable

14. Liftgate latch

15. Liftgate striker

16. Liftgate outside release handle

17. Liftgate control module

18. Liftgate interior manual release handle

19. Rear door outer handle

20. Rear door latch

21. Rear door striker

22. Rear door latch interior release cable

23. Rear door inner handle

24. Keyless entry circular antenna (x4)

25. Keyless entry rectangular antenna (x3)

26. Front door inner handle

27. Front door striker

28. Front door latch

29. Front door outer handle

30. Door control module

31. Front door interior release cable

32. Hood release cable

33. Hood release handle

34. Hood striker

35. Hood latch

36. Hood secondary release latch

WARNING: If the 12 volt power supply is disconnected, do not attempt to open any doors with the door glass in a closed position. Failure to follow this instruction might result in the door glass shattering.

### Central Door Locking Component Descriptions

#### Key

The buttons on the key transmit a coded radio signal to the vehicle. It is not necessary to point the key at the Model S, but it must be within operating range. The operating range varies according to the condition of the key battery and other factors.

The key has 3 buttons:

- Press the trunk area of the key twice quickly to open the trunk.

- Press the trunk area of the key once to stop a powered liftgate.

- Press the trunk area of the key twice quickly to close a powered liftgate.

- Press the roof area of the key once to lock all doors and the trunk. The hazard warning lights flash once.

- Press the roof area of the key twice quickly to unlock the driver’s door. The hazard warning lights flash twice.

- Press the roof area of the key and hold to lower all the windows.

- Press the front area of the key twice quickly to open the front trunk.

CAUTION: Protect the key from impact, water damage, and high temperatures. Avoid contact with solvents, waxes and abrasive cleaners and do not expose the key to direct sunlight.

#### Exterior Door Handles

The exterior door handle sits flush with the door panel when retracted. Upon request, the handles extend out to allow the doors to be opened.

There are 2 methods of extending the exterior door handles:

1. Unlock the car with the key fob. This transmits the request from the BCM to the door control modules.

2. Lightly press an exterior handle when the car is unlocked or a recognized key is detected (if passive unlocking is activated).

1. Outer handle

2. Door handle fork

3. Door press sensor

4. Door handle motor

5. Door handle control link

6. Door handle position switch

#### Door Handle Description

Model S has electrically actuated exterior door handles that are normally flush with the body, but present themselves for use when needed. The handle is designed so that the present motion is actively achieved using a gear-reduction motor and mechanical linkage, which can overcome resistance from an iced-over handle. When the motor is reversed and removes pressure from the linkage, the handle retract motion is passively achieved using light spring pressure.

The handle uses two pressure sensors. The press sensor is located on the retract hard stop, and is used to detect a press on the handle when the user wants it to present. The second is on the present hard stop, and is used for two purposes: to detect when the handle has reached its presented position and stop the motor, or to detect a pull on the handle that indicates a request to open the door. These pressure sensors are inputs to the control module that is built into the handle. The control module processes the inputs and sends out messages on the LIN bus that connects it to the door control module.

The position switch input is currently ignored by the firmware, but can be used for detecting the handle's fully presented position in the future, if needed.

Also incorporated into the handle is a LED puddle light that illuminates the handle area and the ground below it.

The retract hard stop is adjustable to set handle flushness with the body. The handle carrier must also be shimmed where it contacts the door for proper angle and mounting position so that the gap between the handle and the door is even.

#### Door Handle Operation

Pressing the outer handle applies pressure to the door handle fork, which rests against the door press sensor. This extra pressure to the sensor gives a small resistance change in the circuit that the handle control modules detect.

The handle control modules activate the exterior handle motors that extend the exterior handles outward. When the handle linkage makes contact with the pressure sensor, the control module detects the change in voltage from the sensor and stops the motor. Pulling on an exterior handle increases the pressure on the sensor, and the control module monitors the sensor for this increase. When the increase in voltage crosses a calibrated threshold, a door opening request is recognized and sent to the door control module. The door handle module sends a message over the discrete LIN bus to the door control module and, if the criteria for allowing door opening are met, releases the respective door latch assembly from the latched position and allows the door to be opened.

Door handles automatically retract 60 seconds after the door is closed.

NOTE: The door handles retract on spring pressure alone. If a hand or other object is in the door handle when the handle retracts, only light pressure is applied. The handle can easily be pulled back out to its fully extended position. This enables the hand or object blocking the handle to be removed.

If you do not open a door within 60 seconds, the handle retracts into the door. If Model S is still unlocked or a key fob is detected, lightly push a door handle to extend it.

NOTE: Lock the Model S using the touchscreen to prevent the door handles from extending.

#### Interior Door Handles

To operate the interior door handles, pull the lever.

The front door interior release handles have a switch that closes when the handle is pulled. This sends a signal to the door control module to request a door opening. If the switch fails or there is a power failure, the release cable acts as a mechanical backup and releases the latch.

1. Rear door handle

2. Release switch

The rear door interior release handles have a switch that closes when the handle is pulled. This sends a signal to the door control module to request a door opening. If the switch fails or there is a power failure, the door can be opened using the manual release cable. A pull tab is located behind a flap in the carpet at each outboard seating position.

NOTE: Enabling the child protection lock prevents door opening from the rear door interior release handles. The only exception is in the event of an airbag deployment, which unlocks all doors and overrides the child protection locks. The manual release cables open the rear doors regardless of the state of the child protection lock.
NOTE: If the doors are locked and the child protection lock is disabled, a single pull on the rear door interior release handle unlocks that door. A second pull opens the door.

#### Latches and Strikers

1. Front door latch

The front door latches are located inside each door. The latch is primarily electric, but a cable is connected to the latch from the front door interior release handle to open the door if there is an electrical fault or failure.

1. Rear door latch

2. Release cable

The rear door latches are inside the rear quarter panels. The rear interior door handle electronically operates the latch switch in the rear of the handle.

The rear door latches have child safety locks, which can be enabled and disabled using the touchscreen.

In the event of vehicle electrical failure, the rear doors can be opened using the release cables located under the carpet of the rear seat.

1. Fold back the panel in the carpet under the seat to access the release cable.

2. Pull the release cable towards the center rear seat to open the door.

1. Door latch striker

The front door latch striker is located on the ‘B’ post. The rear door latch striker is located on the rear edge of the door. The latch strikers can be adjusted for alignment.

#### Front Trunk

1. Hood striker

2. Hood latch

3. Hood secondary catch

The hood striker is locked on the underside of the hood and can be adjusted for alignment.

Both hood latches are electrically operated by the BCM. When the hood is opened from the touchscreen or the key fob, both latches are released and the spring in the secondary latch pushes the hood up so that the striker is past the secondary catch; the hood can simply be lifted open. The primary latch also has a manual release cable attached to it in case electrical power is lost. If the manual release is used, the secondary hood latch must also be manually released to open the hood.

There are 3 methods of opening the front trunk:

1. Press the front trunk area on the key twice quickly. This releases the primary and secondary latches and allows the hood to be lifted.

2. Touch CONTROLS > FRONT TRUNK on the touchscreen.

3. Pull the backup mechanical release lever below the glove box. This is only needed during electrical failure, or if the front trunk cannot be opened using the touchscreen or key. Once the front trunk latch is released, move to the front of the vehicle, lift the hood slightly, and push down on the secondary catch lever. The hood can now be lifted.

NOTE: If the release lever is used to open the hood when the Model S is locked and the alarm is active, the alarm sounds.

Lower the hood to the closed position and then push down gently on both sides of the hood to engage the primary and secondary catches. The catches click into position.

NOTE: Do not push at the very edge or very center of the hood. The hood is aluminum and can be damaged if too much force is applied in one small spot.
WARNING: Do not drive the Model S with the hood retained by the secondary catch alone. Lift the front edge of the hood to ensure that it is correctly closed.

#### Front Trunk Mechanical Release

1. Front trunk release lever

The backup mechanical release lever for the front trunk is located below the glove box. Pull the lever, move to the front of the vehicle, lift the hood slightly, and push down on the secondary catch lever. Lift the hood to open.

#### Liftgate Release

The liftgate can only be opened when the car is stationary. There are 5 methods of opening the liftgate:

1. Press the trunk area on the key twice quickly.

2. Touch CONTROLS > TRUNK on the touchscreen.

3. Unlock the Model S, then press the liftgate release switch under the exterior handle.

4. Press the release button on the liftgate LH trim panel. For cars with a power liftgate, this is a 2-way open/close switch. If the doors are locked or the child protection locks are enabled, the interior release button does not open the liftgate.

5. Pull the backup mechanical release lever, located behind a cover under the liftgate light. This is only needed in during an electrical failure, or if the liftgate cannot be opened using the touchscreen or key.

On a Model S fitted with a power liftgate, a chime sounds when the liftgate starts to open or close. Press the button on the key, touch the icon on the touchscreen, or press the switch on the exterior handle to stop the liftgate.

1. Exterior release switch

The exterior release switch is a simple momentary contact switch and is a direct input to the BCM. Pressing the switch completes a path to ground.

1. Liftgate latch

2. Liftgate striker

The liftgate latch is on the underside of the liftgate. The striker can be adjusted for alignment. The latch has a cinching feature for use with power liftgates. When the liftgate lowers and the striker engages the latch, the cinching actuator pulls a cable that is attached to a mechanical linkage on the latch. The linkage cinches the liftgate down to its fully closed position.

When the liftgate is open, an indicator icon displays on the instrument panel.

With Model S in drive mode, the left side of the instrument panel shows a plan view of the vehicle with the liftgate open and a warning message.

NOTE: The liftgate cannot be opened when Model S is moving. If an attempt is made to open the liftgate, a warning message appears on the instrument panel.

The key transmits the unlock request to the passive entry antenna. The antenna transmits the signal to the BCM, which then passes the signal to the liftgate control module to release the liftgate latch.

#### Manual Liftgate Closing

To close, pull down on the liftgate and then firmly push shut. Check that the liftgate is fully closed.

#### Powered Liftgate Closing

There are 4 ways to close the liftgate:

1. Press the trunk area on the key twice quickly.

2. Touch CONTROLS > TRUNK on the touchscreen.

3. Cars with third row seats: press the open/close button located in the rear luggage compartment, on the LH trim panel.

4. Press the close button on the bottom face of the liftgate.

NOTE: On a Model S fitted with a power liftgate, a chime sounds when the liftgate starts to open or close.
NOTE: Pressing the button on the key, touching the icon on the touchscreen, or pressing the switch on the exterior handle stops the liftgate.

#### Liftgate Mechanical Release

1. Liftgate release cable

The backup mechanical release cable for the liftgate is behind a cover on the liftgate.

#### Keyless Entry Antennas

1. Keyless entry circular antenna (x4)

2. Keyless entry rectangular antenna (x3)

Model S uses 7 sensors (4 circular and 3 rectangular) to recognize the presence of a key outside or inside the vehicle. The sensors are located at both ends of the dash panel, in the center console, on the heel board of the second row seats, under the rear bumper, and behind the radiator air duct. On early-production cars, a dead-key-fob antenna is located behind the right front fender, near the side repeater light. On current production cars, the dead-key-fob antenna is under the instrument panel. All sensors have a range of approximately 3 ft. (1 m).

#### Door Control Module

1. Door control module

A door control module is located in each front door. Each door control module controls the front and rear door for its respective side.

The driver door module (DDM) and the passenger door module (PDM) are identical. They self-identify their position on the vehicle through a combination of an output from the gateway (GTW), and unique vehicle harness wiring. The "GTW_rhd" output determines whether the vehicle is LHD (0) or RHD (1). The passenger door wire harness grounds an input circuit of the module, which identifies it as the PDM. From these two inputs, each door module determines if it is on the LH or RH side of the car, and whether it is the DDM or PDM. When a module is replaced, a "learn car" command stores the identity in non-volatile memory.

The door control modules manage operation of the door latch, exterior door handle, power window motor, and outside mirror, as well as door lock/unlock behavior. They are connected to the body CAN bus, and each has a discrete LIN bus that is used to communicate with the outside door handles, the power window motors, and on the LH side, the driver's switchpack (window/mirror controls). The other window switches do not communicate directly with the door control module. The door control modules act as a CAN/LIN gateway for controlling window and mirror operation, and for updating door handle firmware.

#### Liftgate Control Module

1. Liftgate control module

The liftgate control module is located in the trunk on the right rear wheel arch. Remove the right-hand trunk liner to gain access. The module has 2 harness connectors and is mounted to the bracket by 3 bolts.

This control module stores memory settings for the liftgate opening limit and has these power lift strut operations:

1. Reverses liftgate motion when it receives input from the anti-pinch strips.

2. Reverses liftgate motion by monitoring current and detecting if an obstacle is present. If this occurs twice consecutively, the liftgate must be closed manually before power operation can resume.

3. Controls operation of the cinching actuator.

The key transmits the unlock request to the passive entry antenna. The antenna transmits the signal to the BCM, which then releases the liftgate latch.

#### Body Control Module

1. Body control module

2. Cover plate

The BCM is located in the front passenger footwell, behind a cover plate. The cover is secured by 4 screws and there are 8 harness connectors and a single coaxial antenna connector.

The BCM has authority over the lock/unlock and opening behavior of all closures on Model S. It communicates with the door control modules to manage door handle behavior, locking/unlocking, and door latch operation. The BCM directly controls the liftgate latch, and communicates with the liftgate control module to manage power liftgate operation (if equipped). The BCM directly controls the operation of both hood latches.

The RKE antenna is connected to the BCM, which processes RKE requests and takes action accordingly; whether to directly control an actuator, or to send a CAN message to another control module to carry out an action. The passive entry antennae, which detect the presence of the key fob, are connected to the BCM (with the exception of the antennae in the ends of the instrument panel, which are connected to the door control modules). The BCM also receives door ajar inputs directly from the door latches.

Other inputs to the BCM include the glove box door release switch and the liftgate release switch. Both receive power from the BCM for illumination. The glove box switch is a simple momentary switch that completes a path to ground on a discrete signal circuit. The liftgate release switch does not have a discrete signal circuit, but contains resistors that vary the current draw on the power supply circuit from the BCM. Standard liftgates have one action switch with one resistor; power liftgates have a dual action switch with two resistors. The BCM detects the current changes and interprets the switch input signals as "release" for standard liftgates, and as "open" or "close" for power liftgates.

#### Child Protection Locks

Child protection locks are fitted to the rear doors and the liftgate. The protection locks prevent the rear doors and the liftgate from being opened using the interior handles.

Use the touchscreen to enable or disable the child protection locks.

### Central Door Locking Operation

Battery power is supplied through fuses 32 (door controls, right side), 40 (rear door handles), and 41 (door controls, left side) in Fusebox 2 located under the hood.

When the key is pressed for the doors or trunk, a signal is sent to the BCM. The BCM sends a signal to the respective controlling module, and the controlling module then switches a supply to the door handles or liftgate latch. When the key is pressed for the front trunk, a signal is sent to the BCM, which signals the hood latches.

The ground path for the door control modules, door latches, and door handles is on the ‘A’ pillar on the same side of the car as the component. The ground path for the power liftgate control module, power liftgate motor, and liftgate switches is behind the right rear wheel. The ground path for the hood latches and switches is in front of the right front wheel.

#### Door Opening Backup Process

If the key battery is dead or Model S does not unlock using the key in the normal way, it can be unlocked by using the backup process.

Early Production Model

1. A dead-key-fob antenna is behind the RH fender, near the side repeater lamp. The key must be held against the RH fender over this antenna.

2. Keep the key in the correct location and touch the front passenger door handle to unlock the doors.

3. Remove the key from the fender after the doors are unlocked.

Current Production Model

1. Position the key on the passenger side windshield wiper as shown in the illustration.

2. Touch the front passenger door handle to unlock the doors.

3. Remove the key from the windshield once the doors are unlocked.

When the driver’s door is opened, a message in the instrument cluster advises the user to place the key in the center console cup holder.

#### Passive Unlocking

With a recognized key within range, the keyless entry antennas around the vehicle acknowledge the presence of the key and transmit a signal to the BCM. The BCM then passes the signal to the door modules. Pressing the exterior door handles causes the handles to extend to allow the door to be opened.

Similarly, press the switch located under the exterior handle to open the liftgate.

NOTE: The key might not be detected if a cell phone, personal computer, wireless communication device, coins, metal wallet, CDs, or DVDs are close to it and blocking its signal.

#### Walk Away Locking

Select Park and close all the doors. Make sure the key is removed from the vehicle upon exit. The doors and the liftgate automatically lock, and the hazard warning lights flash once.

Enable or disable this feature using the touchscreen.

NOTE: Touch the interior lock icon on the touchscreen with the driver’s door open to enable the feature for a single lock cycle.

If the key is left inside the vehicle, the doors and liftgate remain unlocked.

#### Drive Away Locking

When Model S exceeds 5 mph (8 km/h), the doors and trunk automatically lock. By stopping the vehicle and selecting Park, the doors and the trunk unlock.

Use the touchscreen to enable or disable drive away locking.

#### Key Fob Learning

The BCM can learn up to four key fobs. The BCM must detect an existing learned key fob in order to learn a new key fob, and all keys that are desired to work with the vehicle must be present. If all key fobs have been lost, the BCM must be replaced in order to add and learn new keys.

Key fob learning is accomplished with Toolbox. In the Views drop-down menu, select UDS Procedures > Learn Key. Step by step instructions are displayed within Toolbox.

## Seats

### Seat Component Location

1. Outer side cover - RH

2. Seat back rest assembly (incl. back rest rake motor) - RH

3. Inner side cover - RH

4. Inner side cover - LH

5. Seat back rest assembly (incl. back rest rake motor) - LH

6. Switch pack - seat movement - LH seat

7. Outer side cover - LH

8. Switch pack - lumbar support LH seat

9. Harness - LH seat

10. Motor - raise/lower seat height - LH seat

11. Seat track - LH

12. Cover - track

13. Track position sensor

14. Seat gearbox housing

15. Flex drive - short

16. Motor - forward/backward

17. Flex drive - long

18. Motor - cushion tilt - LH seat

19. Motor - cushion tilt - RH seat

20. Seat memory module

21. Bracket - seat memory module

22. Bracket - forward/backward motor - LH seat

23. Seat track - inner - RH

24. Bracket - forward/backward motor - RH seat

25. Seat heater module

26. Harness - RH seat

27. Motor - raise/lower seat height - RH seat

28. Switch pack - seat movement - RH seat

29. Switch pack - lumbar support RH seat

30. Cushion - RH seat

31. Cushion - LH seat

Model S has two rows of seats and can be configured for a third row:

- 2 front seats fit the driver and front passenger

- Second row seats fit 3 adult passengers. The seat backrest is split, and either or both sections can be folded forward to increase luggage space.

- Third row seats can seat 2 children of a specific size range,. They fold completely flat in the trunk floor when not in use.

### Seat Component Descriptions

#### Front Seats

There are 2 types of front seat; baseline and high line. On baseline seats, both driver and passenger front seats are equipped with electric adjustment; the driver seat also has 4 memory positions, which are stored using the touchscreen or the vehicle key. High line seats have the same features as baseline, with the addition of electrically operated lumbar support and heated seats.

Seat are adjusted using a multi-function switch pack on the outboard side of each seat. The switch pack can be used to complete the following adjustments:

- Move seat forward or backward

- Raise or lower seat cushion

- Adjust rake of seat back rest

- Increase or decrease lumbar support

Each seat has 4 motors: a forward-and-backward motor, a cushion tilt motor, a cushion raise-and-lower motor, and a back rest rake motor in the seat back rest assembly.

The seat and track are secured to the floor with bolts. 3 of the motors, the tracks, and the switches can all be replaced. The backrest rake motor, the lumbar pump, and the airbag are all integral parts of the seat assembly and cannot be replaced individually.

A track position sensor is under the seat cushion frame to assist with airbag deployment logic.

#### Body Control Module

1. Body control module

2. Cover plate

The BCM is located in the front passenger footwell, behind a cover plate. The cover is secured by 4 screws. There are 8 harness connectors and a single coaxial antenna connector.

The BCM stores driver profile information that it assigns based on key fob identification. When a key fob is detected, the BCM sends out a CAN message to the memory seat controller, the door controllers, and the SCCM for position recall based on the drive profile settings for that key fob.

#### Seat Heaters

Integral seat heaters are also fitted to both front seats. Heater pads are fitted in the cushion and back rest. These are switched on and off using the touchscreen. Operation and temperature are controlled by the seat heater module, located beneath the seat.

#### Seat Heater Module

1. Seat heater module

The seat heater module is located beneath the seat at the front edge, held in place by a clip. It controls the temperature of the seat heaters to pre-determined limits.

#### Seat Memory Module

1. Seat memory module

The seat memory module is located beneath the driver’s seat. It is secured in position with two clips.

The seat memory module is an integral part of the seat electrical circuit. Power from the seat movement switch passes to the module, which drives the seat motors to achieve the required adjustments. The seat memory module also has a logic count function that can record the exact position of each motor. It stores this information to be used when a seat memory position is recalled.

NOTE: The memory settings for the external mirrors are stored in the door control modules. The memory settings for the steering column are stored in the steering column control module.

#### Forward/Backward Motor

1. Motor

2. Flex drive

Each forward/backward motor is located beneath the front seat. The motor is secured by the motor bracket. A track position sensor sits under the seat cushion frame.

The driver seat can move 254 mm and the passenger seat can move 239 mm.

1. Seat gearbox

A flex drive is connected to both ends of the motor, and drives a rail gearbox on each side of the front seat. The seat gearboxes turn the rotary motion of the flex drives into forward/backward motion to drive the seat along the seat track.

#### Seat Raise/Lower Height Motor

1. Seat raise/lower motor

The seat raise/lower motor is on the right-hand side of a right-hand seat and on the left-hand side of the left-hand seat. 3 nuts attach the motor to the seat. The vertical height range is 60 mm.

#### Cushion Tilt Motor

1. Cushion tilt motor

The cushion tilt assembly (including the height adjustment mechanism) is held onto studs in the rails by 8 nuts. The cushion raise/lower motor is on the left-hand side of the right-hand seat and on the right-hand side of the left-hand seat. The motor engages directly with a gear integral with the seat slide mechanism and is secured using 3 nuts. A welded cross tube assembly makes sure that both sides of the seat have the same tilt.

When the motor rotates, it turns the gear that is connected to a rod and a quadrant. The rod transmits the movement to the seat mechanism on the opposite side of the seat, and the quadrant converts the rotary motion of the motor into vertical movement. The seat cushion can achieve a maximum incline of 5 degrees.

#### Back Rest Tilt Motor

This motor is an integral part of the seat back rest assembly and therefore is a non-serviceable unit. When the motor turns, it rotates the back rest gear which adjusts the rake of the backrest. The back rest can move 77 degrees: 40 degrees forward and 37 degrees backward.

#### Seat Movement Switch

1. Seat movement switch

The seat movement switch is located on the outer side cover of each front seat and secured by 4 screws.

The switch moves the seat backward or forward; raises, lowers, or inclines the seat cushion; and adjusts the rake of the seat back rest.

#### Lumbar Support

1. LH motor

2. Support height adjust cables

3. Support compression cable

4. RH motor

Lumber support is powered from fuse 55 in the fusebox under the hood. When the ‘up’ or ‘down’ vertical button on the lumbar switch is pressed, power passes through the switch to the left-hand motor inside the seat back rest. The motor uses 2 cables to move the lumbar support up or down inside the seat backrest. When the ‘in’ or ‘out’ horizontal button on the lumbar switch is pressed, the right-hand motor uses a single cable to pull down the top of the lumbar support. As the bottom of the support is fixed, this compresses the lumbar support, thereby providing lower back support for the seat occupant.

The lumbar mechanism is integral with the seat back rest and is not serviceable.

#### Seat Lumbar Switch

1. Seat lumbar switch

The seat lumbar switch is located on the outer side cover of each front seat and is secured by 3 screws.

The switch increases or decreases the amount of support in the lower back (lumbar) area.

### Seat Operation

#### Seat Adjustment

Power for seat operation is from fuse 55 in the fusebox under the hood, supplied to the seat memory module. Pressing one of the seat movement controls (forward/back, cushion up/down, or back rest tilt) directs power from the seat memory module to the appropriate motor(s) to drive the seat to the required position.

#### Seat Heating

When seat heating is switched on, a signal is sent on a LIN from the touchscreen to the seat heat module. This module also receives power from fuse 5 in the fusebox under the hood. When the signal on the LIN is sensed, the module applies power to the seat heaters. The temperature is monitored by the seat heat module to ensure the temperature remains constant.

#### Seat Memory

Power for seat memory is from fuse 38 in the fusebox under the hood. This is a separate supply from the power supplied to the motors, and only provides power to the processor to retain the seat position information.

When a request is made on the touchscreen to set the seat position at a stored location, a signal is sent to the seat memory module on the body fault tolerant CAN. The seat memory module directs power from fuse 55 in the fusebox under the hood, to each motor in turn, to adjust the seat to the exact position stored in memory.

## Controller Area Network (CAN)

### CAN Overview

Model S has 7 Controller Area Network (CAN) buses. All but 2 buses are connected to the Tesla Gateway (GTW). Individual controllers use these buses to transfer data between the different systems. The CAN buses are:

- Chassis

- Body

- Body - Fault tolerant

- Powertrain

- OBDII (On-Board Diagnostics II)

- Fast charge (Not connected to GTW)

- Stability control (Not connected to GTW)

NOTE: The GTW has the capacity to handle additional CAN networks. CAN 5 is reserved for future use.

All CAN lines consist of a twisted pair of copper wires. This type of construction reduces electromagnetic interference. Each controller on a particular CAN exchanges information with other controllers, but data is passed through the GTW if it needs to go to a controller on a different CAN.

The CAN lines are integral with the vehicle harnesses, and they can be recognized as a Dark Green and Dark Green/White pair of wires in adjacent terminals in the connector of the relevant controller.

A ‘T’ or ‘t’ on the end of each node indicates a termination resistor. More information on each of these is given in the individual CAN descriptions.

The 4 wheel speed sensors and the air suspension compressor wires have a diagonal slash across them. This indicates that more than one wire is used in the implementation.

### Description

#### OBDII CAN Bus - 500 Kb

The OBD connector is the only component on the OBD CAN. It connects directly to the GTW.

The TPMS tool connects through the OBDII port.

#### Chassis CAN Bus - 500 Kb

The chassis CAN connects the following controllers:

- Body control module (BCM)

- Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)

- ABS/ESP

- Air suspension

- Tesla Supplementary Restraint System (TSRS)

- Occupant Classification System (OCS)

- Steering Column Control Module (SCCM)

- Electric Power Steering (EPS)

- Electric Park Brake (EPB)

- Instrument cluster

- Park assist controller

NOTE: Future options include blind spot detection, forward camera, and forward radar. These functions will also be connected to the chassis CAN.

All of the controllers on the chassis CAN wake immediately once power is applied, and do not need to receive a wake-up message from the GTW for them to become active.

Each controller on the schematic is identified by a colored outline. This indicates whether the controller is awake constantly, wakes at drive power on, or wakes at accessory position.

The air suspension, EPS, and ABS controllers have a twin color outline. This denotes that different functions within the controller are powered through different sources. The TPMS controller’s color indicates that its power is supplied by the body controller.

NOTE: The air suspension ECU also has an enable line from the GTW. When the drive rail is switched on, this enable signal wakes the ECU. The drive rail is on whenever P, R, N, or D is showing under the speedometer. When the drive rail is off, the enable signal is lost. The ECU enters post-run mode, then sleep mode, and finally the system switches off.

The chassis CAN has a ‘T’ on 2 nodes. This indicates the 2 terminating nodes of the bus; each adds 120 ohms to the CAN bus. The terminating nodes are located at the end of each bus, to help with the reflection of the messages. A perfectly terminated CAN bus reads 60 ohms, which is the equivalent resistance of the two 120 ohm terminators in parallel.

#### Body CAN Bus - 125 Kb

The Body CAN connects the following controllers:

- Body control module

- Liftgate

- Sunroof

- LH and RH door modules

- Audio unit

The body control, door, and liftgate modules are activated by CAN messages from the GTW. The audio tuner and sunroof control module connect to the accessory power rail and must be turned on before they can respond to CAN messages. The door and liftgate modules have an unswitched 12V power supply.

Each controller on the schematic is identified by a colored outline. This indicates whether the controller is supplied with unswitched 12V power or is powered by the accessory rail.

The body CAN has a ‘T’ on two nodes. This indicates the two terminating nodes of the bus; each adds 120 ohms to the CAN bus. The terminating nodes are located at the end of each bus, to help with the reflection of the messages. A perfectly terminated CAN bus reads 60 ohms, which is the equivalent resistance of the two 120 ohm terminators in parallel.

#### Body CAN Bus - Fault Tolerant - 125 Kb

The body fault tolerant CAN connects the following controllers:

- Remote Climate Control Module (RCCM)

- PTC heater

- Memory seat

The PTC heater and RCCM are awake immediately upon receiving power from the HVAC rail. However, the memory seat module is supplied with unswitched 12V power and can become active any time it receives a CAN wake-up message.

The body fault tolerant CAN has a ‘T’ on each node. This is because the voltage levels are different from the others. In this architecture, every node adds bus impedance, unlike the other standard CAN buses in which only 2 terminating resistors add impedance to the bus. If either of the CAN wires goes open circuit or shorts to ground, each node’s CAN controllers recognize the fault and convert to single wire CAN on the remaining wire. This provides the fault tolerance.

#### Powertrain CAN Bus - 500 Kb

The Powertrain CAN connects the following controllers:

- Battery Management System (BMS)

- Master charger

- Slave charger (if fitted)

- Charge port

- DC-DC converter

- Tesla Thermal Controller (THC)

- Master drive inverter

- Slave drive inverter - four wheel drive vehicles

The DC-DC converter and drive inverter(s) are awake immediately upon receiving power from the drive rail. However, the BMS, master charger, slave charger, and charge port are all supplied with unswitched 12V power and can become active any time they receive a CAN wake-up message (such as opening the charge port door). Whether the request comes from pushing the touchscreen button or using the wireless feature on the charge connector, a CAN message is sent to wake all the modules in preparation for charging.

Each controller on the schematic is identified by a colored outline. This indicates whether the controller is supplied with unswitched 12V power and wakes on CAN, or wakes when the HVAC, accessory, or drive rail turns on.

The Powertrain CAN has a ‘T’ on 2 nodes. This indicates the 2 terminating nodes of the bus; each adds 120 ohms to the CAN bus. The terminating nodes are located at the end of each bus, to help with the reflection of the messages. A perfectly terminated CAN bus reads 60 ohms, which is the equivalent resistance of the two 120 ohm terminators in parallel.

#### Fast Charge CAN Bus - 125 Kb

The fast charge CAN connects the following controllers:

- Battery Management System (BMS)

- Master charger

Each controller on the schematic is identified by a colored outline. This indicates whether the controller is supplied with unswitched 12V power and wakes on CAN, or wakes when the HVAC, accessory, or drive rail turns on.

The BMS and the master charger are supplied with unswitched 12V power and can become active any time they receive a CAN wake-up message.

The fast charge CAN has a ‘T’ on 2 nodes. This indicates the 2 terminating nodes of the bus; each adds 120 ohms to the CAN bus. The terminating nodes are located at the end of each bus, to help with the reflection of the messages. A perfectly terminated CAN bus reads 60 ohms, which is the equivalent resistance of the two 120 ohm terminators in parallel.

#### Stability Control CAN Bus

The only component on the stability control CAN is the yaw rate sensor. This is connected to the ABS ECU and is awake immediately once the drive power is on. There are no termination resistors fitted to this CAN bus.

#### Local Interconnect Network (LIN)

Model S has 5 LIN buses. They fulfill the following functions:

- LIN 1 - Steering wheel controls

- LIN 2 - Homelink, 12 V battery, and monitor

- LIN 3 - Seat heaters and rearview mirror

- LIN 4 - Reserved for future use

- A single LIN connected to the BCM transmits data from the RLSH sensor, so that the body controller can ensure correct operation of the windshield wipers, lights, and HVAC system.

#### Other Connections

The Tesla media controller section of the GTW has additional connections as detailed in the illustration above.