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# Kia Soul EV: Smart Key System / Description and Operation

Kia Soul EV (PS EV) 2015-2020 Service Manual / Body Electrical System / Smart Key System / Description and Operation

Description

The SMART KEY system is a system that allows the user to access and operate a vehicle in a very convenient way. To access the vehicle, no traditional key or remote control unit is needed.
The user carries a SMART KEY FOB which does not require any conscious actions by the user (e.g. operate a RKE button). The SMART KEY system is triggered by pressing a push button in the door handle.
After being triggered the vehicle sends out a request in a limited range. If the SMART KEY FOB receives this request, it automatically sends a response to the vehicle. Then the system decides whether to perform a particular action (unlocking, locking…) or remain inactive.
Again, a communication between the vehicle and the SMART KEY FOB is needed before any actions will be performed.
The System offers the following features :

• | Passive unlock via door driver side and passenger side

• | Passive locking via door driver side and passenger side

• | Passive start

• | Passive trunk access via the trunk lid switch at the trunk

• | Passive locking via tailgate

• | Max. 2 fobs can be handled by the system

• | Immobilizer backup antenna integrated into SSB for TP authentication (i.e. limp home mode)

• | Communication with engine management system

• | LF-RF communication

1. | Passive unlock The system allows the user to access (unlock) the vehicle without performing any actions with the SMART KEY FOB. This feature could be different depending on platform as follows:
• | Pressing Push button in door handle

2. | Passive locking The system allows the user to lock the vehicle by pushing a button on door handle with the SMART KEY FOB.

3. | Button start The system allows the user to release ESCL and to switch the power modes (Off, Accessory, Ignition), as well as to enable and disable the EV vehicle''s READY mode (standby) without performing any actions with the SMART KEY FOB. See Button Engine Start system specification.

4. | LIMP HOME Mode Additionally, the system offers so called "limp home mode", by which the user can operate all vehicle functions by pushing the key into the SSB.

Smart Key ECU (SMK ECU)
The SMK ECU manages all functions related to "Passive Unlock", "Passive Lock" and "Passive Authorization for READY mode operation".
It reads the inputs (from Push button in door handle, Start Stop Button (SSB), PARK position Switch), controls the outputs (e.g. from exterior and interior antennas), and communicates via the CAN as well as a single line interface to further devices of the car.
To communicate with the SMART KEY FOB, SMK ECU generates a request (challenge) in an encoded and modulated 125 (or 134.2) kHz signals at the inductive antenna outputs and receives the SMART KEY FOB''s response via the external RF receiver.
The main functional blocks of the SMK ECU are:

• | Power supply

• | Microcontroller with FLASH Memory

• | Single Line Interface to EMS

• | Input stage

• | LF antenna amplifier/driver

• | CAN communication with BCM

The LF antenna amplifier/driver generates a 125 (or 134.2) kHz sinusoidal carrier signal which is distributed to different antennas.
Smart Key FOB
The system supports up to 2 SMART KEY FOBs.
The main functions of the SMART KEY FOB are:

• | Passive functionality: receives LF-challenge and automatically sends RF response.

• | Classic RKE function by action of up to 4 push buttons.

• | Transponder-functionality in case of a flat battery or a disturbed communication.

• | LED for operation feedback and battery monitoring.

The FOB''s LED indicator may continue to light even with a low transmitter battery. If the performance or range of the FOB is less than expected, check the transmitter battery.

Antennas

1. | Emitting LF Antennas: Inductive antennas in and on the vehicle are used to transform the current, driven by the SMK ECU antenna driver, into a 125 (or 134.2) kHz magnetic field, which is the carrier for the SMART KEY challenge. Three antennas cover the vehicle’s exterior: two antennas in the Door Handles (DS and PS) cover the area around the doors; one antenna in the rear bumper covers the area around the trunk. Up to two antennas cover the vehicle’s interior and the trunk interior: one in the passenger compartment and one in the trunk.

2. | Bidirectional Immobilizer Antenna (for Limp Home): The Immobilizer Backup Antenna is used for sending and receiving data: it emits a magnetic field (134.2 kHz challenge) and receives changes in the field strength (response of Transponder).

Door Handle
The front door handles of the two doors (driver door & passenger door) are equipped with LF-antennas that emit 125 (or 134.2) kHz signals. Each front door handle is also equipped with a push button.
Push Button
The push button on door handle serves as a trigger to indicate the user’s intention to unlock or lock the vehicle.
The push buttons are integrated into the door handles on front doors.
Another button is installed on the trunk or tailgate lid.

Operation

Passive Functions
The system allows the user to access the vehicle without having to perform any actions (e.g. RKE button pressing) with the SMART KEY FOB. It is sufficient that a valid SMART KEY FOB is located within a defined and limited range with respect to the vehicle. So the system is capable of detecting and authenticating a SMART KEY FOB in the ranges as specified below.

Operating Range

The SMART KEY FOB receives and interprets a challenge sent from the vehicle via the exterior antennas in a free space range of min. 0.7m measured around the exterior antennas which are integrated in the door handles. The trunk access range is also min. 0.7m measured from the antenna position.
Passive Access (Passive Entry)
Pressing one of the push buttons on the door handles while all doors are locked indicates the operator''s intention to access the vehicle and thus triggers the system to unlock.
Passive Locking (Exit)
Pressing one of the push buttons on the door handles when one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

• | At least one door is unlocked and two-step timer is not running or

indicates the operator''s intention to lock the vehicle and thus triggers the system to lock.
Passive Open Trunk
Pressing the Trunk/Tailgate Lid Switch when Trunk/Tailgate is closed indicates the operator''s intention to open the Trunk/Tailgate and thus triggers the system. Subsequently, the SMK ECU sends an LF-challenge to the SMART KEY FOB via the exterior bumper antenna. The SMART KEY FOB answers with an RF-response. If the received response matches the expected answer, SMK ECU sends a "Trunk/Tailgate open" message via the CAN network.
Passive Trunk Warning
Whenever the trunk is closed, SMK ECU uses a suitable search strategy to avoid trunk buzzer warning by a fob inside the vehicle. Then SMK searches for a SMART KEY FOB in the interior of the trunk. If a valid SMART KEY FOB is found in the trunk, the SMK ECU activates SMK external buzzer (TBD) to inform the user that the trunk has been closed with a fob inside the trunk.
SMK will send the trunk open command to BCM for trunk reopening if trunk reopening bit is set (BK). For this functionality, a "valid" SMART KEY FOB means any SMART KEY FOB that belongs to the vehicle, even if it''s DEACTIVATED.

– | A blind spot in the trunk similar to any RF disturbance may lead to no trunk warning.
– | Due to the penetration of the bumper antenna into the trunk area, the lid may open without an external Identification Device.

Smart Key Reminder 1

1. | Preconditions:
– | All terminals OFF
– | At least one door open
– | Locking status not locked (checked by SMK periodically for every 100 ms as long as CAN/LIN active)

2. | Event: At least 1 door knob status changed from unlock to lock.

3. | SMK actions:
• | IF NO FOB-IN ACTIVE SMK performs a search for the fobs in the interior of the vehicle. The same LF-strategy has to be used as it is defined for the ID out warning (registering only, no authentication)
• | IF FOB-IN ACTIVE SMK searches valid TP
If no fob or no TP has been found, no action is required. If any valid fob or valid TP has been found, SMK unlocks the vehicle by sending a CAN Key Reminder unlock message with the fob number. If any valid fob has been found, SMK unlocks the vehicle by sending a CAN/LIN Key Reminder unlock message with the fob number.

Smart Key Reminder 2

1. | Preconditions:
– | All terminals OFF
– | Any door (including trunk) open
– | No FOB-IN & no locking status (checked by SMK periodically for every 100 ms, as long as CAN/LIN active)

2. | Vehicle action: Closes the last door or trunk with knobs in locked state or with locking in progress

3. | SMK actions: Before 500 ms has elapsed after closing the door, if all doors are locked, the following actions are performed:
• | IF NO FOB-IN ACTIVE SMK performs a search for the fobs in the interior of the vehicle. The same LF-strategy has to be used as it is defined for the ID out warning (registering only, no authentication)
• | IF FOB-IN ACTIVE SMK searches valid TP
If no fob has been found, no action is required. If any valid fob or valid TP has been found, SMK sends unlock command via CAN and activates ext. buzzer warning. If any valid fob has been found, SMK sends unlock command via CAN/LIN and activates ext. buzzer warning.

Smart Key Door Lock Warning
Door Lock Warning 1

1. | Preconditions: While (at least one door knob is unlocked) & (ACC ON or IGN ON) & (No FOB-IN) :
• | (All doors are closed) & (trunk closed)

2. | Event:
• | User presses the push button in door handle or trunk

3. | SMK actions: SMK performs a search for the fobs outside of the vehicle; the same LF-strategy has to be used as it is defined for "Scenario Access with I/O Distinction".

Door Lock Warning 2

1. | Preconditions: Same as passive locking precondition but with at least one door open.

2. | Event: User presses the door handle Push button .

3. | SMK actions: SMK performs a search for the fobs outside of the vehicle; the same LF-strategy has to be used as it is defined for "Scenario Access with I/O Distinction". If no fob has been found, no action is required. If the preconditions are no longer valid during buzzer active time (3 seconds), the SMK ECU stops the buzzer immediately.

Door Lock Warning 3

1. | Preconditions: Same as passive locking precondition

2. | User action:
• | User presses the door handle Push button

3. | SMK ECU actions:
• | If ATWS(Anti Theft Warning System) is in DISARM status, SMK ECU performs a search for the fob inside of the vehicle (use "Door Lock Warning 3" scenario)

If no fob has been found, the passive locking is performed.
If any valid fob has been found, SMK ECU activates the external buzzer.
If the activity timer elapsed or ACC ON or IGN1 ON or NOT All door closed or FOB-IN, the SMK ECU stops the buzzer immediately.
After searching of inside fob, SMK ECU also performs a search for fobs outside of the vehicle.
Smart Key Lamp Warning

1. | SMK actions: As long as the preconditions are valid, the SMK ECU performs a periodical search for the fobs in the interior of the vehicle; the same LF-strategy has to be used as it is defined for the ID out warning (registering only, no authentication); periodical means, the search is done every 3 seconds. If no fob has been found, the SMK ECU starts Key out indicator lamp activation as all preconditions are valid and will perform another search 3 seconds later.

If any valid fob has been found, the SMK ECU stops the Key out indicator lamp and will (if one door is open) perform another search 3 seconds later; if no door is open then it’s only at the next When the preconditions are still valid, the search resumes by opening of one door.
Failsafe Functions (Backup For Limp Home)
In case of a discharged battery of the SMART KEY FOB or disturbed transmission, the following functions are available:

• | Unlocking / locking of doors or trunk (or tailgate depending of the vehicle configuration): use of mechanical key

User Information Functions

ID OUT Warning

1. | Preconditions:
• | (ACC or IGN1) & (any door open or trunk open)

2. | Event: The last opened door is closed

3. | SMK action: SMK searches for a SMART KEY FOB in the interior.
• | If no valid SMART KEY FOB is found, the SMK activates external buzzer and also sends ID OUT warning via CAN (exterior buzzer warning and internal buzzer warning).
• | If a door is opened and closed again when the terminals are on and valid fob is inside the vehicle, SMK re-enables the authentication and stops the warning. If the terminal is in ACC, SMK shall turn on immobilizer lamp.

If there is an LF error (LF overheating or LF antenna failure), the system will behave in the same way as when no fob has been found.

Immobilizer Lamp
Removing the PIF from the MSL and reinserting the PIF and pushing the MSL Knob will switch the lamp on again.
Fob Battery Low Voltage Detection
To detect fob low battery condition, certain battery voltage measurement and low voltage detection strategy are implemented into fob. The measurement of the battery voltage will be done if fob button is pressed or if an LF measurement command is received.
If the fob has detected a low battery voltage, the LED will not be switched on at button press.
Learning Description
In this chapter, the learning procedure for SMK, FOBs is described.
For the learning of the SMK, FOBs, it''s necessary to have a connection to the diagnostic tool.
Learning MODE
Whatever the mode, the learning procedures are managed by the SMK.
Prior to starting the learning service, Fob-In signal must be active and the vehicle secret code (also referred to as PIN code) should be known.
Teaching MODE
This mode is used by the dealers in order to replace SMK and/or the set of keys, or to register additional keys for an existing system. That means the system already has been learnt with certain PIN Code. The PIN Code is fixed for the life time of the vehicle, therefore the same PIN Code must be used in this mode. Otherwise learning will be failed
Teaching MODE Procedure Description (Step By Step)
Objective: Key teaching procedure at service station
Initial state:

– | SMK replacement: SMK is not learnt, SMART FOB are already learnt with same PIN code

– | Teaching additional or new keys: SMK and ESCL are already learnt with same PIN code

##### Components and Components Location

Component Location (1) 1. Smart key unit2. External buzzer3. Door outside handle4. Interior antenna 1 Component Location (2) 1. Bumper antenna2. Interior antenna 23. Trunk lid open switch ...

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Inspection 1. Check that the red light flickers when the door lock or unlock button is pressed on the transmitter. 2. Remove the battery (A) and check voltage if the red light doesn''t flicker ...

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